Normally the components you can upgrade in a laptop are the memory and the processor. The graphic card is integrated in the logic board.
I don't know what you think it's an outdated computer, but in my opinion an i7 with 8gb RAM and a graphic card with dedicated memory is good enough for most uses, even videogames.
Actually, the portable versions of a processor is less powerful than its desktop version as long as it is intended to be used in mobility, where the mos important thing is the autonomy, the energy consumption, so the designers prefer energy efficiency to power.
Maybe that's the real reason why you feel a bad performance in an state of the art processor.
TIP: have you cleaned up the laptop to remove dust and changed the thermal paste with a high performance one?
TIP: you can upgrade RAM to 16Gb (2banks of 8Gb each, swapping the installed). In DDR3 it's affordable and it may work for you.