Stuck on white start up screen, stop icon appears

When I try to start up my macbook it loads up to the white screen with the apple logo but then the "loading icon" under the apple logo keeps spinning.

After a minute or two a new icon replaces the apple logo it looks like an 'O' with a diagonal slash through it. And the bottom loading icon keeps spinning.

While this is happening the battery seems to get really hot as well.

Someone at a tech store told me it's an hard drive issue, and that I should just replace the hard drive and not get a new laptop. If I get a new hard drive does that mean my data will all be lost?