Does anyone know what this component is called?

Welp. That’s a bit of a pickle. Those little buggers are so good at flying away.

I can’t say this for sure, but judging by the picture from the Switch Lite teardown of this area, that looks like it’s probably a resistor. Which is kind of a bummer. If it were a capacitor, there’s a fair chance the device would work regardless. Resistors are almost always necessary.

As for replacing it, you’ll have to see if you can find someone who knows what value that resistor is, or find a donor board that you can take it from.