Pulled the battery out while MacBook Pro was turned on

While my MacBook was open charging another battery, it turned itself on, what I didn't noticed when I pulled the battery out.

Now I can't start it with the battery as its only power source. When plugged in, it can boot and when I pull the charger it continues working completely normal until OS X loads. E.g. I can open the boot menu and select my Bootcamp partition on battery.

When letting it boot OS X with AC it works as usual, but it shows that the battery was not found. (Black X instead of battery status)

On Windows it works using battery power as the only power source, but it shows "plugged in, not charging."

I tried PRAM and SMC reset. When trying to boot pressing Option+ CMD and power button and plugged into the charger, it doesn't want to boot.

So, I tried some things to get it working.

I plugged the battery out, removed the magsafe cord and pressed the Power Button for 10 seconds. Then I plugged it in again while holding the power button and plugged in the battery again, After pressing the power button it starts, but the fan runs high all the time and it doesn't go to sleep mode when the lid is closed.

However, I can remove the power cord while it is turned on and it will not crash. There is no battery Icon in the menu bar and I cannot add it in System Preferences. Everytime I check the box it unchecks itself again.

After I reset the SMC it goes back to ist original state.

I'd be REALLY thankful if someone could help me with that. What parts do I need to replace (hopefully the answer is not logic board)? Can I force it to somehow recognize the battery?

Thank you very much in advance