New drive and I dont have recovery because the old drive broken

Do you have a friend with a Mac that can help you create the needed USB Thumb drive OS installer?

First you’ll need to have him download the OS you want to use. I would recommend either sticking with macOS Sierra 10.12.x or jump to macOS Mojave 10.14.x. Sierra still uses the older HFS+ file system, whereas Mojave used the newer APFS file system. SATA based systems do better with HFS+ which is why I recommend using it, High Sierra is a bit messy which is why going to Mojave is the next choice. While your system can support Catalina 10.15.x you’ll loose access to older 32bit apps. So here’s the site to get the OS’s How to get old versions of macOS.

You’ll need to format the USB thumb drive using Disk Utility to GUID and a Journaled file system before you start, then follow this guide How to create a bootable macOS Sierra installer drive or How to create a bootable macOS Mojave installer drive. Once you have the working installer you should be able to boot up under it and prep your drive.

If you still are having issues this series did have issues with the HD SATA cable, you may need to replace it MacBook Pro 13" Unibody (Mid 2012) Hard Drive Cable and here’s the guide Sostituzione Cavo hard drive MacBook Pro 13" Unibody metà 2012 and bit more on the issue Your Hard Drive Cable Is A Ticking Time Bomb I would also place the tape down as well.