Hello,
This is only regarding the S8+ location of the temperature sensor is different on other models.
I actually researched and found that the issue is in the NFC Antenna often. There is a temperature sensor in the NFC Antenna module and if that is working improperly, or you have not attached the NFC Antenna module then you will get this problem.
The solution is to either A) Connect the Antenna Better or B) Replace the NFC Antenna Module altogether.
TEMPORARY SOLUTION:
The lower level maintenance mode seems to ignore the temperature sensor and charge anyway despite there being no indication of charging, (all of that is done by the higher level system so you dont get those sweet snuggly user indications) to do this press and hold Power and Volume Down. The screen will say Maintenance Boot Mode. Leave it here disconnect and reconnect the power cable , check your progress in 15 minutes.