Schematics for Apple logic boards are not easy to find. They wont let this information spread in the public domain cause they don't want you to repair your computer. They want you to buy a new logic board :-(
The white element under the shorted area is a microfuse protecting the inverter circuitry. Test it with a multimeter for continuity. There's a great possibility for a blown microfuse. I don't have a MacBook logic board to look at the missing IC but it seems to be one of the black ones you see over the shorted area.
I think that only an experimented tech can help for this kind of repair.